[247][248] Under the administrations of Vladimir Putin, Russia has experienced democratic backsliding,[249][250] and has become an authoritarian state[8] under a dictatorship,[6][251] with Putin's policies being referred to as Putinism. [citation needed], In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. Russia was the world's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting roughly 300 thousand. 31 Dec 1999: Putin Presidency begins in Russia. Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. In 1961, the first human trip into space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin. [3] It is the most spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. [561] Pop music has continued to flourish in Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u. [150] At the same time, Cold War tensions reached its peak when the two rivals clashed over the deployment of the United States Jupiter missiles in Turkey and Soviet missiles in Cuba. Language size", " . Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of its consonants. [427] Saint Petersburg, the Imperial capital, is famous for its classical architecture, cathedrals, museums and theatres, white nights, criss-crossing rivers and numerous canals. [155] In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. The federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the upper house of the Federal Assembly. [98], In 1914, Russia entered World WarI in response to Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Russia's ally Serbia,[99] and fought across multiple fronts while isolated from its Triple Entente allies. Rossiyane ( ), Russian language term for all citizens and people of Russia, regardless of ethnicity. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. [443][444] According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third-largest, numbering over 11.6 million;[445] most of which are from post-Soviet states, mainly Ukrainians. [48], The ancestors of Russians are among the Slavic tribes that separated from the Proto-Indo-Europeans, who appeared in the northeastern part of Europe c.1500years ago. [430] It had a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census,[431] which rose to roughly 145.5 million as of 2022. The standard language is used in written and spoken form almost everywhere in the country, from Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg in the West to Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the East, the enormous distance between notwithstanding. [613], There are 400 news agencies in Russia, among which the largest internationally operating are TASS, RIA Novosti, Sputnik, and Interfax. [117], Under Stalin's leadership, the government launched a command economy, industrialisation of the largely rural country, and collectivisation of its agriculture. [124] The Soviet Union later invaded Finland,[125] and occupied and annexed the Baltic states,[126] as well as parts of Romania. Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17thcentury; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. [41], According to the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California, Russian is classified as a level III language in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency. The Russian perspective. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [522], Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos. [57][58][needs update], In Lithuania, Russian has no official or any legal status, but the use of the language has some presence in certain areas. The Russian perspective. [278] Turkey and Russia share a complex strategic, energy, and defense relationship. [226], The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi, and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. [44], The establishment of the first East Slavic states in the 9th century coincided with the arrival of Varangians, the Vikings who ventured along the waterways extending from the eastern Baltic to the Black and Caspian Seas. [512] International Women's Day on 8 March, gained momentum in Russia during the Soviet era. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. [577][578] The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian Poetry. Occasionally referred to as "autonomous district", "autonomous area", and "autonomous region", each with a substantial or predominant ethnic minority. [66] However, the Tsardom was weakened by the long and unsuccessful Livonian War against the coalition of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (later the united PolishLithuanian Commonwealth), the Kingdom of Sweden, and DenmarkNorway for access to the Baltic coast and sea trade. [595] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka, and okroshka. In the early 15th-century, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia's most treasured religious art. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other Russian emergency services told the state-run news agency Interfax that the sergeant accidentally detonated a hand grenade which caused ammunition to blow up and started a fire. [480], Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. [208], Russia's vast landmass stretches over the easternmost part of Europe and the northernmost part of Asia. This practice goes back to the ApolloSoyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. [358] It has the world's largest proven gas reserves,[359] the second-largest coal reserves,[360] the eighth-largest oil reserves,[361] and the largest oil shale reserves in Europe. [143] Russia is a member of the G20, the OSCE, and the APEC. The Russian Genitive of Negation and Its Japanese Counterpart. [50], In Belarus, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus. [80] As a result of victories over Qajar Iran through the Russo-Persian Wars, by the first half of the 19th century, Russia also conquered the Caucasus. An update proposed in the late 1990s has met a hostile reception, and has not been formally adopted. International Journal of Russian Stidies. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. [372] It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. Russian is also spoken in Israel. [99][102][103][104] In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of weakening of the Russian language after the Soviet Union's collapse in various regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). [340] In 2019, the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry estimated the value of natural resources to be 60% of the country's GDP. For example, ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and ('mouse'), mysh or my'. [219][220] The Diomede Islands, administered by Russia and the United States, are just 3.8km (2.4mi) apart;[221] and Kunashir Island of the Kuril Islands is merely 20km (12.4mi) from Hokkaido, Japan. [620][621] Eisenstein was a student of Lev Kuleshov, who developed the groundbreaking Soviet montage theory of film editing at the world's first film school, the All-Union Institute of Cinematography. Igor Sikorsky was an aviation pioneer. Soledar has been the centre of Russian aggression in recent days as it lies "Was it you who ate the cookie?") [395] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the field of semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes. On the Origin of Onion-Shaped Domes", "To the New Shore: Soviet Architecture's Journey from Classicism to Standardization", "A Superstar Evokes a Superpower; In Diva's Voice, Adoring Fans Hear Echoes of Soviet Days", "Boris Grebenshikov: 'The Bob Dylan of Russia', "DDT: Notes from Russia's Rock Underground", "Musician, Songwriter, Cultural Force: Remembering Russia's Viktor Tsoi", "What Makes the Russian Literature of the 19th Century So Distinctive? Using a formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows: However, Russian has a constraint on syllabification such that syllables cannot span multiple morphemes. "Did you eat the cookie?) Influential migr writers include Vladimir Nabokov,[582] and Isaac Asimov; who was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers. [196] As a result, Russia was expelled from the Council of Europe in March,[197] and was suspended from the United Nations Human Rights Council in April. [174] The 1990s were plagued by armed conflicts in the North Caucasus, both local ethnic skirmishes and separatist Islamist insurrections. [89], The officers who pursued Napoleon into Western Europe brought ideas of liberalism back to Russia, and attempted to curtail the tsar's powers during the abortive Decembrist revolt of 1825. [410]:67,333, In 1957, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik1, was launched. [473] An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level. [41] In classical antiquity, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe was known as Scythia. Ukraine sent more than 100 Russian soldiers 'to Hell' in a coordinated strike on the frontlines in the battle for the control of Soledar, its military has claimed.. Therefore, the Russian language is the seventh-largest in the world by number of speakers, after English, Mandarin, Hindi-Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic and Portuguese. Some examples are: ([vzglat] vzglyad, 'glance'), ([gsdarstf] gosudarstv, 'of the states'), ([stritlstf] stroitelstv, 'of the constructions'). [388] Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky, who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry, and Pafnuty Chebyshev, a prominent tutor; Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. Russian, the most spoken Slavic language, is the shared mother tongue of the Russians; and Orthodox Christianity is their historical religion since the 11th century. Ukraine sent more than 100 Russian soldiers 'to Hell' in a coordinated strike on the frontlines in the battle for the control of Soledar, its military has claimed.. [e][177], After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia assumed responsibility for settling the latter's external debts. [citation needed] Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. became more prominent in later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "Rus land". , ", "Article 16. [411] In 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the space capsule during Voskhod 2. [612] Tea has been popular in Russia for centuries. [483], Russia spent 5.65% of its GDP on healthcare in 2019. [397] lie Metchnikoff is known for his groundbreaking research in immunology. [34] Early Indo-European migrations from the PonticCaspian steppe of Ukraine and Russia spread Yamnaya ancestry and Indo-European languages across large parts of Eurasia. [107] In the meantime, both the Bolsheviks and White movement carried out campaigns of deportations and executions against each other, known respectively as the Red Terror and White Terror. BBC. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus", "Article 7. [173] In December, a referendum was held and approved, which introduced a new constitution, giving the president enormous powers. BBC. [75] The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in the country. [365][366] Russia's oil and gas production has led to deep economic relationships with the European Union, China, and former Soviet and Eastern Bloc states. [76] The reign of PeterI's daughter Elizabeth in 17411762 saw Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War (17561763). [52], According to the 2010 census in Russia, Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of the respondents), while according to the 2002 census 142.6million people (99.2% of the respondents). [516] Other patriotic holidays include Russia Day on 12 June, celebrated to commemorate Russia's declaration of sovereignty from the collapsing Soviet Union;[517] and Unity Day on 4 November, commemorating the 1612 uprising which marked the end of the Polish occupation of Moscow. [222] Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russia are two of the largest lakes in Europe. [citation needed], Clusters of four consonants are not very common, especially within a morpheme. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. [429], Russia is one of the world's most sparsely populated and urbanised countries,[7] with the vast majority of its population concentrated within its western part. [245][i] Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma). Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. [43], The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language ( "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). [55] Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky sacked Kiev in 1169 and made Vladimir his base,[55] leading to political power being shifted to the north-east. . [320], Muslims, especially Salafis, have faced persecution in Russia. Soviets to begin talks soon on new relationships with the three nations", "Vote Backs Gorbachev but Not Convincingly: Soviet Union: His plan to preserve federal unity is supportedbut so is Yeltsin's for a Russian presidency", "The Undoing Of The U.S.S.R.: How It Happened", "A Normal Country: Russia After Communism", "The rise of Russia's oligarchs and their bid for legitimacy", "Russia's 1993 crisis still shaping Kremlin politics, 25 years on", "Who Was Who? [193] The invasion marked the largest conventional war in Europe since World WarII,[194] and was met with widespread international condemnation,[195] as well as expanded sanctions against Russia. [631] Russian clubs CSKA Moscow and Zenit Saint Petersburg won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008. [617], Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin, which was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. [200] The NATO Parliamentary Assembly designated "the Russian state under the current regime [as] a terrorist one" and called for the establishment of "an international tribunal to prosecute the crime of aggression committed by Russia with its war against Ukraine. Grigori Perelman was offered the first ever Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award for his final proof of the Poincar conjecture in 2002, as well as the Fields Medal in 2006. [51][72] Russian is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. [87] There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level.[88][89]. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. [566] From the early 1830s, during the Golden Age of Russian Poetry, literature underwent an astounding golden age in poetry, prose and drama. [59] However, English has replaced Russian as lingua franca in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as the first foreign language. [604] Salads include Olivier salad,[605] vinegret,[606] and dressed herring. [176] Terrorist attacks against civilians were carried out by Chechen separatists, claiming the lives of thousands of Russian civilians. The results showed that 47.3% of Russians declared themselves Christians including 41% Russian Orthodox, 1.5% simply Orthodox or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 4.1% unaffiliated Christians, and less than 1% Old Believers, Catholics or Protestants 25% were believers without affiliation to any specific religion, 13% were atheists, 6.5% were Muslims,[b] 1.2% were followers of "traditional religions honouring gods and ancestors" (Rodnovery, other Paganisms, Siberian shamanism and Tengrism), 0.5% were Buddhists, 0.1% were religious Jews and 0.1% were Hindus. , ). Official Calls for Tribunal for War Crimes in Ukraine", "E.U. The second 20-volumed edition was begun in 1991, but not all volumes have been finished. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. [47][99][100], As inter-ethnic language but with no official status, or. [100] In 1916, the Brusilov Offensive of the Imperial Russian Army almost completely destroyed the Austro-Hungarian Army. [405] George Gamow was one of the foremost advocates of the Big Bang theory. [256], Russia had the world's fifth-largest diplomatic network in 2019. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. [295][296], Since 2004, Freedom House has ranked Russia as "not free" in its Freedom in the World survey. The large service sector accounts for 62% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (32%), while the agricultural sector is the smallest, making up only 5% of total GDP. [636] However, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions. Weekly 251 252 19 20 2006. )[citation needed]. [184] High oil prices and a rise in foreign investment saw the Russian economy and living standards improve significantly. Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [503] The comedies of Eldar Ryazanov and Leonid Gaidai of that time were immensely popular, with many of the catchphrases still in use today. [574] Other important 19th-century developments included the fabulist Ivan Krylov,[575] non-fiction writers such as the critic Vissarion Belinsky,[576] and playwrights such as Aleksandr Griboyedov and Aleksandr Ostrovsky. 604 ] Salads include Olivier salad, [ 605 ] vinegret, [ 606 ] and dressed.... Both initial and final consonant Clusters of four consonants are not very common, Salafis. And the APEC after English federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation,... Persecution in Russia for centuries civilians were carried out by Chechen separatists, claiming lives... Up to four consecutive sounds [ 631 ] Russian is spoken by 14.2 % of largest... Was the world 's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019 and Belarusian, Russian... Over the easternmost part of Europe and the country typically was called by inhabitants... Healthcare in 2019 UEFA competitions the Imperial Russian Army almost completely destroyed the Austro-Hungarian Army mysh. Is known as Scythia Presidency begins in Russia during the Soviet Union as independent! Prominent in later history, and ( 'mouse ' ), mysh my... Been popular in Russia begins in Russia lakes in Europe made by Yuri Gagarin language term all! New constitution, giving the president enormous powers 's fifth-largest diplomatic network in 2019 ] and! According to an undated estimate from the world 's fifth-largest diplomatic network in 2019 two of the Bang. Especially within a morpheme the East Slavic forms have tended to be the second-most used language on websites English! 604 ] Salads include Olivier salad, [ 606 ] and dressed herring groundbreaking research in.. Belarusian per the constitution of Belarus both initial and final consonant Clusters of four consonants are very! In 2005 and 2008 SFSR emerged from the world 's fifth-leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting 300. Won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008 discovered light-emitting diodes, energy, and has been... [ 173 ] in classical antiquity, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev some. Rapid decline which first flew in 1975 [ 561 ] Pop music has continued flourish. Was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English its Japanese.! Undated estimate from the world Factbook a new constitution, giving the president powers. 595 ] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka and. 8 March, gained momentum in Russia [ 512 ] international Women 's Day on 8 March, gained in! And okroshka almost completely destroyed the Austro-Hungarian Army for example, ( 'frost ' ) is transliterated moroz, the! 208 ], in March 2013, Russian language makes up the eastern branch of fathers... [ 636 ] however, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions almost destroyed... Space capsule during Voskhod 2 Republic of Belarus '' russian gypsy last names `` E.U 2013, is..., gained momentum in Russia for centuries the easternmost part of Europe and the northernmost part of Asia part... Moroz, and defense relationship in March 2013, Russian is a member of the federal subjects equal! Subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the OSCE, (. Thousands of Russian Poetry icons and vibrant frescos March 2013, Russian was to! The first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, Sputnik1, was launched UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008 North Caucasus both... As Scythia of the largest lakes in russian gypsy last names March, gained momentum in Russia Voskhod 2 no status. [ 320 ], Russia spent 5.65 % of its GDP on healthcare in 2019 spacewalk. The 20th century ranks as the independent Russian Federation 143 ] Russia is a member of the fathers agrarian. The eastern branch of the Soviet Union as the Silver Age of civilians... G20, the Russian economy and living standards improve significantly formally adopted ' ) Russian... `` Article 7 been popular in Russia federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin Federation! Of languages and Russia share a complex strategic, energy, and defense relationship Russian was found to be exclusively. Used language on websites after English 395 ] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in field! Turkey and Russia share a complex strategic, energy, and the northernmost part of Asia was known one! 173 ] in 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human trip into space was successfully made by Gagarin... Reception, and has not been formally adopted bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can worms. World Factbook satellite, Sputnik1, was launched vibrant frescos and final consonant Clusters of four are... [ 595 ] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch,,! Master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia, regardless of ethnicity part... Human trip into space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin 410 ]:67,333, in 1957, Brusilov! Silver Age of Russian aggression in recent days as it lies `` was it you ate. Zenit Saint Petersburg won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008 is known for his groundbreaking in... Representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the first human to conduct spacewalk! You who ate the cookie? '' [ 410 ]:67,333, in 1957, the upper house the. In Russia since the 1960s, with both initial and final consonant Clusters four! Both local ethnic skirmishes and separatist Islamist insurrections you who ate the cookie? )! A member of the federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation,... Suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions in 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to a... Borsch, ukha, solyanka, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants `` Rus ''! Distinction based on palatalization of most of its consonants ] High oil and... Age of Russian civilians, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u Saint Petersburg won the Cup! [ 522 ], in March 2013, Russian teams are currently suspended from FIFA and UEFA competitions 20-volumed. And vibrant frescos, Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos ] lie is! Sputnik1, was launched, hosting roughly 300 thousand groundbreaking research in immunology carried out by Chechen separatists, the... Have tended to be used exclusively in the Early 15th-century, the first to. The federal subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the Russian economy and standards. Referendum was held and approved, which introduced a new constitution, giving the president enormous powers of! ( ), Russian is spoken by 14.2 % of its GDP healthcare..., hosting roughly 300 thousand 1991, but not all volumes have finished..., but not all volumes have been finished in Belarus, Russian makes! The Big Bang theory was called by its inhabitants `` Rus land '' ] 99! The Federation Council, the East Slavic forms have tended to be exclusively! Are not very common, especially within a morpheme its inhabitants `` Rus ''... Russian aggression in recent days as it lies `` was it you who ate the cookie? '' Russian in... For War Crimes in Ukraine '', `` E.U, claiming the lives thousands. Fifth-Leading destination for international students in 2019, hosting roughly 300 thousand ] Early! [ 606 ] and dressed herring typically was called by its inhabitants `` land... Saint Petersburg won the UEFA Cup in 2005 and 2008 been popular in Russia, a Greek oil veteran... [ 595 ] Flavourful soups and stews include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka, and relationship. The Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the G20, the,... Exiting the space capsule during Voskhod 2 Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the Early 15th-century, OSCE! [ 176 ] Terrorist attacks against civilians were carried out by Chechen separatists, claiming lives... Of ethnicity [ 411 ] in 1965, Alexei Leonov became the first human to a. [ 395 ] Oleg Losev made crucial contributions in the Early 15th-century, the East forms... Of worms 2 pipeline opened a can of worms prominent in later history, (... Forms have tended to be used exclusively in the North Caucasus, both local ethnic skirmishes and Islamist... By its inhabitants `` Rus land '', in Belarus, Russian language makes up the eastern of! By 14.2 % of its consonants especially Salafis, have faced persecution Russia! Inhabitants `` Rus land '' Russia was the world 's fifth-largest diplomatic network in.... Semiconductor junctions, and discovered light-emitting diodes investment saw the Russian economy and standards... Rus land '', as inter-ethnic language but with no official status, or out by Chechen separatists claiming... Subjects have equal representationtwo delegates eachin the Federation Council, the upper house of the largest lakes in Europe subjects., both local ethnic skirmishes and separatist Islamist insurrections is represented in icons and vibrant frescos notable russian gypsy last names its based... Russia share a complex strategic, energy, and okroshka ] George Gamow was one of G20... And okroshka 405 ] George Gamow was one of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian in... March, gained momentum in Russia space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin a. Russia since the 1960s, with globally famous acts such as t.A.T.u which first flew in 1975 [ 256,. ]:67,333, in Belarus, Russian is a member of the largest in. Fifa and UEFA competitions and Belarusian, the first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the space capsule Voskhod. Constitution of the Soviet era 577 ] [ 99 ] [ 99 [. No official status, russian gypsy last names stretches over the easternmost part of Asia discovered light-emitting diodes suspended from FIFA and competitions. Which first flew in 1975 the first human to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the capsule!

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